The beneficial bacteria in the gut have several vital functions, and we would not survive without them. The most important functions include preventing harmful bacteria or other pathogenic microorganisms such as fungi and viruses from multiplying disproportionately, breaking down bile acids, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), producing arginine and glutamine, synthesizing Vitamin K and Folate, stimulating the production of immunoglobulin A – an antibody found, among other places, in the intestinal mucosa that plays a significant role in mucosal immunity – contributing to the formation of anti-inflammatory cytokines, downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inducing so-called Regulatory T-cells, which prevent autoimmune reactions.
Gut Bacteria, Overweight, and Obesity
Research shows that the bacterial flora in the intestines is also associated with body weight. For instance, the bacterial strain *Lactobacillus rhamnosus* has been reported to reduce body weight in mice, even though the mice did not consume fewer calories. This suggests that the gut flora influences mitochondria or hormones in some way. Research also indicates that individuals suffering from obesity have a lower diversity of bacteria compared to individuals of normal weight. Furthermore, studies reveal that mice receiving a gut flora transplant from an overweight person gain weight more easily compared to those receiving flora from a normal-weight person. A well-functioning gut flora and balanced digestion are crucial for achieving and maintaining a healthy weight. There is also research suggesting that certain pro-inflammatory gut bacteria may even contribute to obesity.
Gut Flora, Probiotics, IBS, and IBD
IBS, irritable bowel syndrome, is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders in the world. Increased permeability and, in particular, abnormal gut flora can lead to heightened activation of the gut's immune system, which in turn may be linked to IBS. Research also shows that individuals suffering from IBS can experience improvements when taking probiotic supplements containing beneficial gut bacteria. Changes in gut flora among individuals with IBS, combined with leaky gut, can allow bacteria and/or bacterial by-products to pass through the intestinal epithelial cells, potentially activating stem cells and immune cells. These cells, in turn, release substances that negatively affect the gastrointestinal tract in people with IBS. Supplementing with certain bacterial strains, such as *Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus,* and *Lactobacillus casei,* has been shown to reduce symptoms associated with IBS. Furthermore, research shows that supplementation with high-quality lactic acid bacteria can help counteract issues such as inflammation in the ileum (the last part of the small intestine) and the ileocecal valve. Those who have recovered from inflammation are also less likely to experience recurrence compared to those who do not take lactic acid bacteria supplements.
